What is the function of ligase in dna replication?

Ligase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA replication by sealing breaks in the phosphodiester backbone of the DNA molecule. During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase synthesizes a new strand of DNA by adding complementary nucleotides to the existing template strand. However, the DNA polymerase is unable to fully replicate the DNA molecule because it leaves small gaps between the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Ligase comes in to fill these gaps by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides, resulting in a continuous, fully replicated DNA strand. This process is essential for ensuring the accuracy of DNA replication and maintaining the integrity of the genome.

In addition to its role in DNA replication, ligase is also involved in DNA repair mechanisms, such as base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair, where it helps to seal the breaks in the DNA molecule that occur as a result of damage or mutations. Overall, ligase plays a critical role in maintaining the stability and functionality of the DNA molecule.